It aims to detect breast cancer in its early stages, often before symptoms are noticeable. This proactive approach allows for timely treatment, significantly improving outcomes and survival rates. Here are key points about breast cancer screening:
Mammography
A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast used to detect small tumours. It is recommended for women aged 40 and older, with screenings typically done annually or biennially to monitor breast tissue changes over time.
Clinical Breast Examination (CBE)
- A physical examination to check for any abnormalities or lumps in the breast. It is performed in conjunction with mammography, though its role in screening has evolved with varying recommendations.
Breast Self-Examination (BSE)
- Encourages women to perform regular self-checks of their breasts for any changes, including lumps or abnormalities in the skin.
- Advocated as a means of becoming familiar with one's breasts, but its effectiveness as a standalone screening tool is debated.
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT)
- A more advanced form of mammography that produces clearer, three-dimensional images of the breast tissue. It improved detection rates and reduces false positives compared to traditional mammography.
Breast MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
- Recommended for women with a high risk of breast cancer due to genetic mutations (such as BRCA1/2) or a significant family history of the disease. Provides detailed images of breast tissue, particularly useful in detecting cancer in dense breasts.
Genetic Testing
- Identifies inherited mutations (e.g., BRCA1/2) associated with increased breast cancer risk. It helps to guide screening recommendations and preventive measures, such as enhanced surveillance or risk-reducing surgeries.
Risk Assessment Models
- Tools used to estimate an individual's risk of developing breast cancer based on factors like age, family history, and reproductive history.
- Aids in determining appropriate screening protocols and preventive strategies tailored to individual risk profiles.
Ultrasound
- Utilized as a supplementary imaging tool to evaluate suspicious findings detected through mammography or physical examination. Useful in distinguishing between solid masses and fluid-filled cysts.
Breast cancer screening is integral to early detection and plays a critical role in reducing mortality rates associated with breast cancer. Regular screening, tailored to individual risk profiles and preferences, enhances the likelihood of detecting cancer at an early, treatable stage, improving outcomes and quality of life for those affected.
